Asphalt Sealers Explained: Coal Tar vs Acrylic vs Oil-Based

Choosing the right sealer for your driveway or parking lot matters more than most people think. The wrong product can fail in less than a year. The right one protects your asphalt and saves you money. In Murfreesboro, where summers hit 90°F and winters drop below freezing, sealer choice affects how long your pavement lasts. Property owners in Smyrna, La Vergne, and rural Rutherford County all face the same question: coal tar, acrylic, or oil-based? Each type works differently. Each has benefits and limits. This guide breaks down what you need to know to make the right call for your property.

What Are Asphalt Sealers and Why Do They Matter?

Asphalt sealers are protective coatings applied to pavement surfaces. They block water, UV rays, and chemicals from breaking down the asphalt binder. Without sealcoating, your pavement oxidizes and cracks faster. Sealers also restore the dark black color that makes pavement look new.

There are three main types used in Tennessee:

  • Coal tar emulsion – Made from refined coal tar
  • Asphalt emulsion (oil-based) – Made from refined crude oil
  • Acrylic sealer – Made from polymer resins

 

Each type bonds differently. Each handles weather differently. And each comes with different costs and application requirements.

How Each Sealer Type Works

Coal Tar Sealers

Coal tar sealers have been used for decades. They resist gas, oil, and chemical spills better than other types. The product dries hard and creates a tough surface. Most commercial parking lots in Murfreesboro use coal tar because it holds up to heavy traffic.

Coal tar takes longer to dry than other sealers. You need 24 to 48 hours of dry weather. Temperature must stay above 50°F during application and curing.

Acrylic Sealers

Acrylic sealers are water-based and more flexible. They handle temperature swings better than coal tar. This makes them popular for residential driveways in Franklin and Christiana. Acrylic sealers don’t resist oil spills as well, but they cure faster and release fewer fumes.

They work best on newer pavement. On older asphalt with existing damage, acrylic can wear thin quickly.

Oil-Based Sealers

Oil-based sealers penetrate deeper into asphalt. They rejuvenate aged pavement by restoring lost oils. These sealers are thinner and soak into the surface rather than forming a thick coating. They’re often used on driveways and low-traffic areas around Lebanon and rural parts of Rutherford County.

Oil-based products don’t build up like coal tar. They need reapplication more often, usually every 12 to 18 months.

Local Relevance: How Tennessee Weather Affects Sealer Choice

Murfreesboro’s climate puts stress on all three sealer types. Summer heat reaches the high 90s. Winter freezes cause pavement to contract. Rain comes hard and frequent in spring.

Temperature Swings

Coal tar becomes brittle in cold weather. If applied too late in fall, it can crack during the first freeze. Acrylic sealers flex better in cold conditions. They handle freeze-thaw cycles without breaking down as fast.

Oil-based sealers work year-round but offer less surface protection. They’re better for maintenance than long-term defense.

Rain and Humidity

Spring storms in Smyrna and La Vergne can ruin a fresh seal job. Coal tar needs at least 24 hours of dry weather. Acrylic needs less time but still requires 12 to 18 hours. Oil-based sealers cure faster but wash away easier if rain hits too soon.

High-Traffic Areas

Parking lots at Old Fort Parkway shopping centers see constant vehicle traffic. Gas stations near I-24 deal with fuel spills daily. Coal tar handles these conditions better than acrylic or oil-based options.

Residential driveways in neighborhoods off Medical Center Parkway don’t face the same wear. Acrylic works fine for homes with light traffic.

Commercial Zones and ADA Compliance

Business owners need sealers that meet slip-resistance standards. Coal tar and acrylic both provide texture when applied correctly. Sand additives improve traction on ramps and accessible parking spaces.

Tennessee fire codes require certain parking areas to stay clear for emergency vehicles. Sealer choice doesn’t affect this, but application timing does. Plan around business hours and customer access.

Benefits and Best Practices for Each Sealer Type

When to Use Coal Tar

Coal tar works best for:

  • Commercial parking lots with heavy traffic
  • Gas stations and auto repair shops
  • Areas exposed to oil and chemical spills
  • Pavement that needs maximum durability

Apply coal tar in late spring or early summer. Temperatures should stay above 55°F for two full days. Avoid application if rain is forecast within 48 hours.

When to Use Acrylic

Acrylic sealers work well for:

  • Residential driveways
  • Low-traffic parking areas
  • Properties where fast curing matters
  • Pavement that needs flexibility in cold weather

Acrylic applies best in mild weather. It cures faster than coal tar but still needs 12 hours of dry conditions. Homeowners in Christiana and rural areas prefer acrylic for its lower odor and quicker turnaround.

When to Use Oil-Based

Oil-based sealers are ideal for:

  • Older asphalt that needs rejuvenation
  • Driveways with minor surface wear
  • Properties on a tight maintenance budget
  • Areas where deep penetration matters more than surface coating

Oil-based products soak in quickly. They don’t build thickness like coal tar. Reapply every 12 to 18 months to keep pavement protected.

Application Tips for All Types

  • Clean the surface before sealing. Remove dirt, oil, and debris.
  • Fill cracks first. Sealers don’t fill gaps.
  • Apply two thin coats instead of one thick coat.
  • Block off the area until fully cured.
  • Check weather reports before starting.

Common Mistakes and Misconceptions

Mistake 1: Applying Sealer Too Soon After Installation

New asphalt needs time to cure before sealing. Wait at least 90 days after paving. Sealing too early traps oils that need to evaporate. This causes premature failure and soft spots.

Property managers in La Vergne sometimes rush the process. The result is a sealer that peels or wears off in patches.

Mistake 2: Thinking All Sealers Are the Same

Coal tar, acrylic, and oil-based products work differently. Coal tar offers the toughest surface but takes longest to dry. Acrylic flexes better in cold weather but won’t stand up to fuel spills. Oil-based rejuvenates old pavement but doesn’t protect the surface as well.

Match the sealer type to your pavement’s condition and use level.

Mistake 3: Skipping Surface Preparation

Sealers don’t stick to dirty pavement. Oil stains, moss, and loose debris prevent proper bonding. Power wash the surface before applying any sealer type. Repair cracks and potholes first.

Mistake 4: Applying Too Thick

More sealer doesn’t mean better protection. Thick coats crack and peel faster. Two thin coats always outperform one heavy application. Let the first coat dry completely before adding the second.

Mistake 5: Ignoring Weather Conditions

Rain, cold temperatures, and high humidity all cause sealer failure. Coal tar needs warm, dry conditions for 48 hours. Acrylic needs 12 to 18 hours. Oil-based sealers cure faster but still need dry pavement and no rain.

Check forecasts for Murfreesboro and surrounding areas before starting any seal job.

Misconception: Sealers Fix Structural Problems

Sealers protect healthy pavement. They don’t repair damaged pavement. If your parking lot in Smyrna has deep cracks or base failure, sealing won’t help. Fix the structure first, then seal to protect the repair.

Conclusion

Coal tar, acrylic, and oil-based sealers each serve different needs. Coal tar offers the best protection for high-traffic commercial lots. Acrylic works well for residential driveways and handles temperature changes better. Oil-based sealers rejuvenate older pavement but need more frequent reapplication.

Your choice depends on traffic levels, weather exposure, and pavement age. Property owners in Murfreesboro, Smyrna, La Vergne, and Lebanon should match sealer type to their specific conditions. Proper surface prep and timing matter just as much as product selection.

For more help with pavement maintenance, explore other guides on crack filling, striping standards, and seasonal maintenance schedules for Tennessee properties.